Amine value of epoxy hardener ALIPHATIC AMINES AP 4237 AP 5637 AP 1121 Colour (Gardner) Colour (Gardner) Viscosity @ 25 (cps) Amine Value (mg KOH/g) AHEW 115 104 100 AHEW PHR with epoxy resin (EEW=190) 60. The ADEKA Group's chemical products. DESCRIPTION Ancamine AEP curing agent is a 96% minimum purity grade of N-aminoethyl-piperazine, designed for use as a curing agent for liquid epoxy resins. Standard diamine hardeners have functionalities of four (4). It can also be A complementary approach to potentiometric titration Amine value (AV), often used to quantify the amount of reactive amine groups in curing agents, is a critical parameter for optimizing the stoichiometry of epoxy formulations. How do we calculate the amount of amine hardener require to cure epoxy resin? Jun 2, 2022 · Amine value is often used to measure the number of amino groups in the specification of polyamide products in low relative molecule, which can not correctly reflect the number of active hydrogen atoms. Feb 1, 2007 · Three different methods for the determination of the amine hydrogen equivalent weight in aliphatic amine epoxide hardeners were compared. Oct 18, 2023 · Epoxies prepared using bisphenol-type base resins and amine hardeners mostly contain bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) as the base resin. The curing agent’s functionality also greatly influences crosslink ratio Index-No. e. the product with high gloss, fine flexibility, chemical resistance and good yellowing resistance , good abrasion strength and also no blushing on the top of epoxy A complementary approach to potentiometric titration Amine value (AV), often used to quantify the amount of reactive amine groups in curing agents, is a critical parameter for optimizing the stoichiometry of epoxy formulations. Feb 5, 2024 · In organic chemistry, amine value is a measure of the nitrogen content of an organic molecule. Amines/ Polyamines: Amine curing agents are widely used in epoxy formulations for their ability to initiate and control the curing process. A ROBUST TOOLBOX TO MEET DIVERSE FORMULATION AND END-USE REQUIREMENTS With a heritage built on more than 60 continuous years in the industry, Olin is the reliable leader in innovative epoxy product and technology solutions. Hardeners and Accelerators are manufactured by indigenous technical know-how. Two types of kinetic models based upon the formation of amine-epoxy-hydroxyl transition complex without or with fast pre-equilibria have been tested and dis-cussed. They also have excellent thermal stability and good chemical resistance. 12 ALIPHATIC AMINES — UNMODIFIED Aliphatic amines are multifunctional amines with primary, secondary or tertiary amine functions linked by ethylene groups. May 22, 2019 · So, the objective of this research is to establish the characteristics of curing of the epoxy resin with a mixture of aliphatic amidoamine and aromatic amine. However, it generates a large quantity of heat and has a short pot life (usable time). It provides an equation to determine the EEW of a mixture based on the EEW and weight percentages of its components. Amine value (AV), often used to quantify the amount of reactive amine groups in curing agents, is a critical parameter for optimizing the stoichiometry of epoxy formulations. 0 元 E-mail Us： sales@rich-cn. Hence, in an eco-friendly context, our team proposed the design of bio-based amine monomers with aromatic structures. D230 is an amine compound, includes a series of products with a molecular weight of 230, mainly used as a hardener (curing agent) for epoxy resin, adhensive, polyurea material, electrophoretic coating and surface active agent. After aliphatic amine epoxy hardeners reacted with hydrochloric acid solution, the remaining hydrochloric acid was transferred to the headspace vial that contains sodium bicarbonate solution. Epoxy hardener HW-541 is phenalkamine modified epoxy resin curing agent with unique performance, suitable for solvent-free or high solid epoxy primer systems. Dec 21, 2024 · Epoxy systems have two main parts: the epoxy resin components and the hardener. 5 PHR with epoxy resin (EEW=190) Thin film set time (200 u Introduction D. However, the presence of an additional amine moiety for a higher Olin is committed to your success. Abstract —Procedures for determination of basic quality characteristics of epoxide–bisphenol A resins and amine hardeners: the epoxide equivalent and the amine value, respectively; the viscosity; and the pot life are reported. Feb 15, 2023 · The synthesis of an aliphatic amine starting from vanillin was already described one century ago [15], but the compound has not been studied as an amine hardener for epoxy resins until 2015 [16], and since then, different epoxy resin components have been prepared from vanillin and their properties have been explored [17, 18]. They react with epoxy resins through an amine group, resulting in the formation of a cross-linked network. The study Rich6327 is an epoxy hardener based on modified Polyetheramine with Nonyl phenol free , light color, low VOC and fast cure. Provides tough, clear, impact resistant coatings, castings, and adhesives • Reacts with carboxylic acids to form hot melt adhesives • Reacts quickly with isocyanates Three different methods for the determination of the amine hydrogen equivalent weight in aliphatic amine epoxide hardeners were compared. These amines are used in a variety of epoxy systems. Use it in combination with product information for our robust line of epoxy hardeners to compare product options and decide which Olin products provide the performance required in your applications. 1. The adduct polyamine reduced blushing tendency during cure of films, reduced toxicity and volatility. SCOPE Use this method to determine the epoxide equivalent for epoxy resins and the amine value for polyamide resins. To better assist you during each stage of formulation development, we have compiled this convenient overview of resin products available in North America. The A polyamide composition comprising a reaction product of: a) an excess of a polyfunctional amine; b) a dimer fatty acid; and c) a monomer fatty acid is disclosed. 1-1. Most of the current amine hardeners are petro-sourced and only a few studies have focused on the research of bio-based substitutes. Apr 22, 2025 · The Science of Mixing and Curing Mixing epoxy resin with hardener starts a fascinating chemical reaction that transforms liquid ingredients into a solid material. To be industrially relevant, bio-based epoxy formulations must be tailored so that the properties of the resulting thermosets can be conveniently controlled. These resins linked with amine hardeners are widely used as structural adhesives because they have good thermal and mechanical properties [2]. Nov 13, 2024 · View technical datasheet of Jeffamine® D-230 Amine. APPLICATION : High viscosity Polyamide hardener for protective and decorative coatings with exterior durability and resistance to solvents, chemicals mild, acids alkalies, water and marine weather conditions. E. Learn about epoxy resin hardeners, their types, properties, and applications, including amine, anhydride, and polyamide options for optimal curing. Due to their tendency to form complexes with atmospheric carbon dioxide, specially in humid conditions, they are most often formulated, adducted or otherwise reacted to inhibit amine blush. The technology was developed to provide rapid curing at low temperatures, avoid substances of high concern and enhance the protective Feb 15, 2023 · The synthesis of an aliphatic amine starting from vanillin was already described one century ago [15], but the compound has not been studied as an amine hardener for epoxy resins until 2015 [16], and since then, different epoxy resin components have been prepared from vanillin and their properties have been explored [17, 18]. Specifically, it is usually used to measure the amine content of amine functional compounds. The standard Explore our line of Curing Agents–including low temperature and low emission formulations–that offer the performance you need, backed by the local customer support Only Olin can provide, virtually anywhere in the world. , which are widely used in floor paints, anti-corrosion coatings, and construction . AEP curing agent is an unmodified aliphatic amine. Stir thoroughly until mixing is complete. The resin, often an epoxide, mixes with the hardener, usually an amine or polyamine. Crosslinking builds a tight, chemically Epoxy Hardener Teta /Triethylenetetramine Used in The Preparation of Epoxy Curing Agents, Find Details and Price about Amine Hardener for Epoxy Chemical from Epoxy Hardener Teta /Triethylenetetramine Used in The Preparation of Epoxy Curing Agents - Wuhan Honrepoxy Co. So, the phr is about 25. Nov 21, 2019 · Amine value is often used to measure the number of amino groups in the specification of polyamide products in low relative molecule, which can not correctly reflect the number of active hydrogen atoms. Conclusions can be drawn about the curing behavior, especially in comparison to known amine hardeners [28]. Mixing Ratios and Their Importance The mixing ratio between resin and hardener is Abstract Various amounts of dicyandiamide (Dicy), two grades of epoxy resins, i. The cure kinetics of a DGEBF/DGEBA mixture with a commercial aliphatic amine mixture [poly(propylene) oxide diamine D230 and diethylene triamine (DETA)] was investigated by DSC. net Classification: Modified Polyetheramine Amine Get Latest Price Product Just another WordPress sitePolyamide produce from the reaction of dimerised and trimerised fatty acid with polyamines. It is used as a polymer and resin modifier. [2] It may be defined as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) equivalent to one gram of epoxy hardener resin. You are aware that you can revoke this permission at any time for the future and that this Dec 11, 2023 · The normal stoichiometry of epoxy systems is a 1:1 ratio of epoxy group to hardener group. The secondary amine that is produced from this reaction can then react with another epoxy group producing a tertiary amine and another secondary alcohol. [1] To calculate the required ratio of hardener to epoxy resin, first calculate the hardener equivalent weight. When properly catalyzed and applied, epoxies produce a hard, chemical and solvent resistant finish. Over several decades, many papers have been published on epoxy accelerators [1, for example] with relatively few of them offering broad practical We are offering Epoxy Hardeners to our clients. The polyamide composition can be used as a hardener in epoxy resin formulations. Two of those methods are based on potentiometric titration Epoxy value derives from the Epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) or Weight Per Epoxide (WPE) and is a measure of the epoxy content of an epoxy resin or epoxy reactive diluent, or glycidyl ether. The unique structure of cardanol modified phenalkamine gives the curing agent and its derived coatings unique properties. from publication: Subtle variations in the structure of crosslinked epoxy networks and the impact upon Epoxy Hardeners Products No. DETA is used as a hardener for epoxy resins. Epoxy coatings are formulated based upon the performance requirements for the end product. , Ltd. Feb 28, 2022 · A cured epoxy resin should have a tightly cross-linked molecular structure for optimal physical and chemical properties. An example calculation is shown for a mixture and its resulting EEW of 209. Some systems allow for changing properties by moving off this ratio (amidoamine and amide), other hardeners have a dramatic drop off in properties when the ratio moves slightly off 1:1 (amine, and to a lesser extent mercaptans). Download Table | Chemical structures of amine hardeners, model compounds and epoxy resin from publication: Combined analytical techniques for the determination of the amine hydrogen equivalent Jul 15, 2023 · Although current phosphorus (P)-based hardeners endowed epoxy resins (EPs) with intrinsic flame retardancy, their addition usually reduced thermal and mechanical properties. The seminar addresses how amine curing reactions can build molecular weight linearly first before crosslinking the epoxy resin. Sep 26, 2022 · Today there are a variety of biobased curing agents for epoxy resins, and perhaps the most widely known and utilized are the phenalkamine family of amine-based epoxy curing agents. Basic Reaction Mechanism Primary and secondary amines react with epoxide rings to form covalent bonds. Types of Epoxy Curing Agents: 1. Amine hardeners were thus synthesized from potentially bio-sourced vanillin and furfural. All methods yield similar results, with the combined potentiometric methods offering a faster procedure for low molecular weight aliphatic polyamines. To do it, the kinetics of curing of the epoxy resin by individual hardeners—L-20M and DDS—and also by their mixtures was investigated. Linear or crosslinked epoxy polymers are obtained by reaction of the epoxy monomers with co - monomers ( “ hardeners ” ) and/or initiators. Feb 1, 2007 · In fact, for an epoxy system with stoichiometric amounts of amine hardener related to the epoxy resin should give the highest value of reaction enthalpy (Δ H) and the glass transition temperature (Tg) as a result of the reaction going to completion. These compounds are Jul 21, 2025 · Triethylenetetramine (TETA) by Huntsman is a curing agent for epoxy resins. When modified it has wide range of products with differing properties. Oct 2, 2024 · Aromatic amine-based hardeners: Aromatic amine-based hardeners, such as phenylamine, offer greater heat resistance and chemical resistance. H. In the most general sense, these epoxy coatings are described on the molecular level as having anime and alcohol functional groups formed during the curing. Dec 9, 2021 · Traditional epoxy/polyamide coatings have served the industry well for more than 40 years but newer curative technologies eliminate some of the polya-mides’ well-known limitations. Optimize performance with the right hardener blend. Add the hardener to the Araldite resin; making sure that the required amount of hardener is transferred to the resin. The standard Dec 1, 2024 · Analysis of bio-based epoxy resins: Impact of amine hardeners on thermal, thermomechanical, optical and electrical properties of epoxidized resveratrol with high Tg Aug 8, 2025 · Hardener amount = (Weight of epoxy resin) × (Epoxy equivalent weight / Hardener equivalent weight) × (Stoichiometric ratio) Technical data sheets from manufacturers like GLI Epoxy Flooring or Flowcrete always specify EEW and recommended mixing ratios. , in Cps. This paper reports an automated method for quantifying the amine value in aliphatic amine epoxy hardeners by reaction-based headspace gas chromatography. This can be achieved by choosing the right hardener. Calculating the epoxy equivalent weight from the epoxy value involves a simple formula. : 603-069-00-0 Amine value: 600 to 630 mgKOH/g Application IsoQure ® DMP-30 is suitable as an accelerator and hardener in epoxy resin systems, especially in the production of membranes and in pultrusion processes where reinforcement materials like fibers are first impregnated with resin and then pulled through a heated stationary die. Ignoring these specs is a common mistake that leads to problems later. In this work, we present data for the thermal The curing behavior of possible new amine hardeners for epoxy resins can be determined by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Dec 3, 2010 · Amine Hydrogen Equivalent Weight [ AHEW ]unit: grams / equivalent. Aliphatic Amines, modified to reduce their corrosive property while optimizing hardness, reactivity and working time, serve as top-notch Curing Agents. The standard method for determining AV is ASTM D2073, which involves Epoxy resin diluents and modifiers Mono- and di-functional glycidyl ethers and other modifying diluents can be used to enhance the applicability of liquid epoxy resins and, after cure with amine or polyamide curing agent, enhance some end-performance characteristics. 1 d), can be used for the synthesis of functional oligomers. Download scientific diagram | Chemical structures of epoxy resins and amine hardeners. The two parts consist of 1) an epoxy resin which is cross-linked with 2) a co-reactant or hardener. This process involves precise measurements, time-sensitive stages, and environmental factors that all work together to create the final product. Epoxy coatings are generally packaged in two parts that are mixed prior to application. It is the result of the reactions between epoxy resins and hardeners. These compounds are A complementary approach to potentiometric titration Amine value (AV), often used to quantify the amount of reactive amine groups in curing agents, is a critical parameter for optimizing the stoichiometry of epoxy formulations. To calculate phr, first convert the resin amount to 100 g. Aug 15, 2013 · This article focusses on amine-cured epoxy resin systems and the term accelerator is used to describe a variety of compounds and mixtures used to increase the reaction rate, whatever the mechanism. Oct 1, 2024 · The article examines the curing of epoxy resin, based on diglycidyl ether Bisphenol-A, with the amine hardener Aramin (a mixture of aliphatic and arom… Advantages of Gaskamine 240 Gaskamine 240 is a reaction product made from meta-xylenediamine (MXDA) and styrene, produced by MGC’s patented technology. Phenalkamine curing agents are based on cashew nutshell liquid, from which cardanol is extracted. The shelf life of the product is 24 months. As members of the ethylene Changes to the classification of raw materials have led to developments in hardener technology to meet evolv-ing market needs. For amines hardeners, this is related to the number of active hydroxy atoms on the primary amine moieties. Phenalkamine Epoxy Hardeners Ark Golden has gained an expertise in the production of Phenalkamine Hardeners. Have you considered using an Specifically, it is usually used to measure the amine content of amine functional compounds. In this work, a novel phosphorus-containing tertiary amine hardener (DCM) was synthesized using diphenylphosphinic chloride and 2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DMP-30), and applied to fabricate high-performance EP Abstract —Procedures for determination of basic quality characteristics of epoxide–bisphenol A resins and amine hardeners: the epoxide equivalent and the amine value, respectively; the viscosity; and the pot life are reported. A second equation is presented to Epoxy monomers containing vinyl groups, like glycidyl (meth)acrylate or glycidyl oxystyrene (Table 1. 20 Epoxy Curing Agent, it provides lower vapor hazard to workers due to its higher boiling point. Phenalkamine Hardeners are unique CNSL based curing agents with inherent property to cure epoxy resins at low temperatures down to 0°C under high humidity with surface tolerance and adequate flexibility. Aromatic Amines The advantages of aromatic amine over aliphatic amine for curing epoxy resins are the development of higher heat distortion temperature in the cured product. 0. 24 Epoxy Curing Agent is an economical aliphatic polyamine hardener, triethylenetetraamine (TETA), that offers a short pot-life and cures in minutes with standard unmodified liquid epoxy resins. So using Tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) as an example: Mwt = 189, number of nitrogen atoms = 5 Dec 5, 2019 · JEFFAMINE® D-230 Polyetheramine JEFFAMINE D-230 polyetheramine is characterized by repeating oxypropylene units in the backbone. or: Mw of the hardener divided by the number of active hydrogen per molecule Parts per Hundred Resin [ phr ]unit: grams Definition: grams of hardener needed per hundred grams of epoxy resin Oct 30, 2018 · The most common hardeners for epoxy resins are amine types: aliphatic, aromatic, and cycloaliphatic. Discover how these hardeners enhance epoxy applications from aerospace to electronic encapsulations. Both of the used epoxy resins were based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). While aliphatic amines react rapidly at room temperature, aromatic amine hardeners impart higher thermal stability and improved chemical resistance. We have a general understanding of how amines work and how to calculate the amount of amine required to cure an epoxy resin. To the extent that your permission is required for the respective cookies - by activating the respective check box - you agree to us providing you with information and offers in social media channels, on search machines or in display networks, depending on the case, also across different devices. [4][5] TETA, like other aliphatic amines, react quicker and at lower temperatures than aromatic amines due to less negative steric effects since the linear nature of the molecule provides it the ability to Jul 17, 2024 · From a molecular design perspective, the key to meet these criteria was the development of a liquid epoxy hardener with dual functionality—a secondary amine and an imine bond—providing excellent chemical and solvent-based recyclability to the resulting thermoset. Epiran 06 and Epikote 828, and three different accelerators including benzyl dimethyl amine (BDMA), 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (Monuron) and 2-methyl imidazole (Im) were used in curing of Dicy/epoxy resin system. [1] Specifically, it is usually used to measure the amine content of amine functional compounds. It requires an elevated temperature post-cure to obtain optimum properties, notably high impact strength and good thermal shock resistance. You are aware that you can revoke this permission at any time for the future and that this In organic chemistry, amine value is a measure of the nitrogen content of an organic molecule. 6 g of amine! The challenge will be to get a good mix ratio with that difference in equivalent weights. List of ASTM methods There The reaction of a primary amine with an epoxy group produces both a secondary amine and secondary alcohol. It is compatible with polyamides. A resin/hardener epoxy system with optimal AV ensures complete curing, which is essential for achieving the desired properties of the final product [1]. Acceleration of epoxy hardeners (2-5 w. The type, amount, and functionality of the hardener, as well as the curing conditions (temperature and curing time), affect the properties of hardened epoxy resins. Low Viscosity Potential uses ・Non-solvent or High-solid paints ・Floor coatings with good workability ・Adhesives with good workability Dec 20, 2024 · In this paper, amines in epoxy curing agents are introduced, including their various types, unique assimilation characteristics, wide application fields and significant advantages. Aliphatic amine (Three Bond 2103) Aliphatic amine, which rapidly reacts with epoxy resin, is a representative room-temperature curing agent. An ultra-fast curing agent with robust performance provides comparable or superior properties for multi-component epoxy coatings. The amine value is a crucial parameter for characterizing amine-based curing agents like Aradur 3985 BD, indicating the amount of amine groups available for Aug 4, 2025 · How Do Amines React with Epoxy Resins? Curing an epoxy is more than just mixing and waiting. Curing characteristics such as pot life and cure speed, depend heavily on the choice of a hardener. MXDA Epoxy Hardener Raw Material MXDA Advantages Excellent Chemical Low Resistance Viscosity Cost saving through Material Reduction HARDENERS & ACCELERATORS Note:- V1 of supply at 25°C. (5*20=100 g) Now, multiply the amine weight by 20 (20*1. 1 (Mwt of KOH) x 1000 (convert to milligrams) divided by Molecular weight. These room temperature cured Hardeners mostly offer good mechanical, adhesion & dielectric properties. The method is based on the calorimetric study of the epoxy system (amine hardener and epoxy resin) using an epoxy resin with a known epoxy equivalent weight (187 g eq 1). From aerospace to electrical manufacturing, from coating to sporting goods, discover how amine epoxy hardeners can play a key role in different industries, while providing expert advice on safe use and storage. { sometimes referred to as equivalent weight per active Hydrogen } Definition: Grams of hardener containing one equivalent of N-H groups. With various types of epoxy hardeners available, manufacturers can choose the most suitable hardener to tailor the epoxy to meet specific application requirements. MXDA Epoxy Hardener Raw Material MXDA Advantages Excellent Chemical Low Resistance Viscosity Cost saving through Material Reduction Fast Curing even at Low Temperature Low Viscosity (Easy Handling) The document compares three methods for determining the amine hydrogen equivalent weight in aliphatic amine epoxide hardeners, including two potentiometric titration methods and one differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. The epoxy resins have a wide range of reactivity with multiple-choice type hardeners. It yields casting with good impact strength. It discusses the reactive sites on epoxy molecules and amines that enable curing, including hydroxyl and epoxy groups. Therefore, the investigation of the structural variation of amine hardeners to clarify the relationship between the epoxy chemical structure and the wet adhesion properties is important. The units are thus mg KOH/g. Jan 4, 2025 · The amine value is useful in helping determine the correct stoichiometry of a two component amine cure epoxy resin system. Jul 11, 2022 · Part 1 of this blog series has given a general introduction to amines, the largest class of curing agents for epoxy resins. Oct 17, 2025 · Discover how amine selection impacts epoxy hardness, flexibility, and cure speed. It has longer operatation time at first stage and fast curing at post-cure period. Due to their tenacious adhesion and moisture resistance, crosslinked epoxy resins are used on a variety of surfaces including metals and concrete, epoxy two-component compositions are used in a variety of applications including Modifications used with many aliphatic amine curatives, through cyanoethylation, propoxylation, or epoxy-amine adduct preparation, necessary to reduce amine basicity, are not required for any of the JEFFAMINE® PEAs. [21], a dual-curing composition was used to prepare epoxy resin prepregs exhibiting specified tackiness and drape ability. 0 元 0. Amine value explained In organic chemistry, amine value is a measure of the nitrogen content of an organic molecule. In particular, epoxy resins cross-linked with amines hardeners have high glass transition temperatures of 150–250 °C. The reactivity and uses of TETA are similar to those for the related polyamines ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine. CYCLOALIPHATIC AMINES AP 5618 AP 5205 AP 5956 AP 5768 AP 5904 AP 5905 products No. In recent years, these new technologies have led to specialty amine hardeners for low temperature epoxy coatings. Olin offers a robust portfolio of epoxy products, including a diverse range of curing agent chemistries and individual grades, to help meet specific formulating and Jul 14, 2025 · Explore the chemistry and benefits of amine-based hardeners in epoxy resin systems, including their impact on reactivity, thermal stability, and flexibility. Introduction Epoxy resins forms a big class of compounds containing two or more epoxy groups, which reacts with a variety of curing agents containing active hydrogens such as amines and anhydrides[1]. Gaskamine 240 is an innovative modified amine, and has a variety of advantages as an epoxy hardener. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) can be used in composites. Excellent adhesion to many Oct 27, 2019 · Amine value is often used to measure the number of amino groups in the specification of polyamide products in low relative molecule, which can not correctly reflect the number of active hydrogen atoms. The reaction creates hydroxyl groups, enhancing adhesion and polarity. However, the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin is typically low, comparable to 0. -% addition); in special cases for epoxy polymerisation Low-viscous fast-setting hardener for chemical-resistant coatings and epoxy mortars Solvent-free chemical resistant epoxy systems Primers for difficult, wet/moist substrates with excellent adhesion To the extent that your permission is required for the respective cookies - by activating the respective check box - you agree to us providing you with information and offers in social media channels, on search machines or in display networks, depending on the case, also across different devices. It may be defined as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) equivalent to one gram of epoxy hardener resin. It finds application in hot-melt, pressure-sensitive, and heat-seal adhesives for leather, paper, plastic, and metal. We also have strong market A complementary approach to potentiometric titration Amine value (AV), often used to quantify the amount of reactive amine groups in curing agents, is a critical parameter for optimizing the stoichiometry of epoxy formulations. During the curing process, an epoxy resin is combined with a compatible catalyzing hardener to start the polymerization reaction. [8][9][10] It is the number of Nitrogens x 56. Get technical insights now. May 29, 2025 · Accurately calculate epoxy resin and hardener amounts for your project with our easy-to-use epoxy calculation guide and tools. It is a difunctional primary amine that acts as an epoxy-curing agent. Product family: Crosslinkers / Curing Agents / Hardeners Processing and Storage (Guideline Values) Mixing Measure (by weight or volume) the Araldite resin and the hardener. It has greater chemical resistance after cure and the mixtures had to be cured at some heat to achieve excellent elevated temperature performance. , in Poises. Jul 25, 2022 · In this post, we will take a closer look at these structure property relationships, and how amine curing agents can really impact the properties of an epoxy based formulation. However, they show weaker basicity and slower room temperature curing that those of aliphatic amine. The document discusses how to calculate the equivalent weight (EEW) of an epoxy resin mixture and the proper stoichiometric ratio of the mixture to a curing agent. Fairly long pot life is possible. Air entrainment during mixing results in pores in the cured resin. As shown by the representative structure, JEFFAMINE D-230 polyetheramine is a difunctional, primary amine with an average molecular weight of about 230. Therefore, the amine value can not be simply used as the basis epoxy hardener calculation for the amount of polyamide. Epoxy resins,conventional epoxy resin,special type epoxy resin Our main products:epoxy resin, epoxy hardener, epoxy accelerator DMP-30, epoxy reactive diluent AGE, benzyl alcohol, modified aromatic amines, aliphatic amines, alicyclic amines, phenalkamines, polyamides, cardanol epoxy resin curing agents, water-based epoxy curing agents, etc. Therefore, the amine value can not be simply used as the basis for calculating the amount of polyamide. They are Download scientific diagram | Different formulations for the determining the optimum amount of hardener a from publication: Curing behavior of dicyandiamide/epoxy resin system using different The present disclosure relates to an epoxy-amine adduct, and particularly to an epoxy-amine adduct of a heterocyclic polyamine and epoxy resins. Mar 30, 2022 · Share this article: A common ambient cure two-component paint chemistry involves the reaction of an epoxy resin with that of an amine functional resin (hardener). Epoxy Hardener Rich6328L-Rich Chemical-Rich6328L is an epoxy hardener based on modified cycloapliphatic amine, light color, low viscosity,low VOC . . It also discusses concepts like crosslink density, the Where: Wâ€”the mass of an amine curing agent per 100 g of epoxy resin, g; Mâ€”the molecular weight of the amine curing agent; Hnâ€”The number of active hydrogen atoms on the amine group in the curing agent molecule; Eâ€”the epoxy value of the epoxy resin. Nov 20, 2023 · Epoxy hardeners play a vital role in the curing process of epoxy resins, enabling the transformation of liquid resins into strong, durable, and versatile materials. Polyamides are versatile curing agents for epoxies. Mar 10, 2025 · In addition, a dual-curing epoxy system has been developed where both curing steps are based on reactions of epoxy–amines utilizing two amine hardeners with different reactivities [20]. Depending on the hardener used, the reactions proceed through different chemistries. It is characterized by its rapid gel at room temperature to give a B-stage cure. 2 W/(m K), and a predictive understanding of the connection between molecular structure and thermal conductivity is not yet established. The chemistry between resin and amine hardener controls the final film properties. They are pleasant to handle, are compatible with many resins, and their mixing ratio with resin are not critical. A rapid method for the assessment of the gelation time of a mixture of an epoxy resin with a hardener is described. Feb 3, 2025 · The epoxy value, on the other hand, is a measure of the number of epoxy groups present in the resin. The primary amine groups are located on secondary carbon atoms at the end of the aliphatic polyether chain. Hardeners fall broadly into many types such as Polyamines – (aliphatic amine, aromatic amine & cyclo-aliphatic amine), Polyamides, etc The most widely used hardeners are amines and acid anhydrides. Mar 30, 2022 · A common ambient cure two-component paint chemistry involves the reaction of an epoxy resin with that of an amine functional resin (hardener). Hardener AEP (Aminoethylpiperazine) Highly used industrial epoxy hardener. Compared to potentiometric titration, Raman spectroscopy is a rapid, accurate, and reliable secondary method for estimating the amine value (AV) of epoxy hardeners. Most Modified Aliphatic Amine Curing Agents provide systems with excellent corrosion & chemical resistance and high thermal stability The curing agents sold under the Baxxodur® trademark, such as polyether amines, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic amines, differ in molecular structure, basicity and number of functional groups. Below I have listed some of the major classes of amines and how they can bring value to an epoxy formulation: Polyethyleneamines – High reactivity Dec 4, 2020 · Epoxy resins with enhanced thermal conductivity are in great demand to improve the thermal management of electrical motors. Jul 19, 2024 · An amine cured epoxy coating is an epoxy coating where an anime-based hardener was used in the curation process. Processing and Storage (Guideline Values) Mixing Measure (by weight or volume) the Araldite resin and the hardener. It also functions as a corrosion inhibitor, surfactant and mineral processing aid. By pre-reacting the amine with part of the epoxy resin formed Polyamine Adduct. Dec 1, 2015 · Abstract Bio-based epoxy thermosets are currently extensively investigated. It is primarily used as a crosslinker ("hardener") in epoxy curing. A complementary approach to potentiometric titration Amine value (AV), often used to quantify the amount of reactive amine groups in curing agents, is a critical parameter for optimizing the stoichiometry of epoxy formulations. Sep 9, 2016 · So, for every 190 g of epoxy, you'll use only 20. more critical topic regards the amine hardeners, since the direct acid-base titrations as well as the amine value (expressed as mgKOH/g), for example, do not provide structural information allowing to obtain the equivalent weight of the amine hydrogens. In the study of Pouladvand et al. 8). 24 = 24. Loading of amines containing no tertiary amine is made at the exact or very closed amount that is said in stoichiometry, and use amount of amines containing Honrepoxy resin, curing agent, polyamide hardenerPolyamide and polyamidoamine hardeners Modified Aromatic amine hardener Modified Cycloaliphatic hardeners Modified Aliphatic amine hardeners Phenalkamine hardeners（Cardanol） Phenalkamine hardeners（Phenol） Epoxy Waterborne Curing agents Acid Anhydride Hardener This document summarizes information from a seminar on curing epoxy resins with amines. V2 of supply at 25°C. Similar to D. Selection of a hardener to be used in a chemical resistant epoxy formulation is a very critical, difficult and a time-consuming job. Two of those methods are based on potentiometric titration Key Highlights of Aradur 3895 BD Aradur 3985 BD is a curing agent (also known as a hardener) used in combination with epoxy resins in various applications, particularly in the coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers (CASE) industry. Jun 1, 2006 · This paper provides an overview of the wide variety of amine hardeners, including several recent developments that can expand the capabilities of epoxy formulators into new applications. It has high gloss, fine flexibility, good yellowing resistance , strong abrasion strength and also no blushing on the top of epoxy flooring coatings.